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and to the families and friends of the murdered,

as a result of terrorist attacks on our
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September 11, 2001

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Home Network Speeds
Explained

How often have you wondered what kbps
really means?
Ever wonder how fast a 10Mbps Ethernet is?
How long SHOULD it take to copy a file from one
computer to another over different kinds of networks?
How long should a download take over a modem?
Is a 1mb network like Home PNA fast enough for
your home?

Definitions:

BIT: abreviated to a small b (Kbps), unit of measurement
in a computer represneting a 1 or a 0

BYTE: abreviated to a capital B (KBps), another unit of
       measurement in a computer, 8 bits are in a single
       byte. Other lengths are possible like 16, 32, 64, etc
       but network communications is based on 8 bit
       lengths.

Kbps: kilobits per second, or 1000 bits per second

Mbps: Megabits per second or 1,000,000 bits per
second

Is It Bytes or Bits?
The small b in Kbps lets us know the unit of
measurement is bits. A capital B would let us know the
measurement is in Bytes.
Even though the metric system uses a small k for
kilo, the computer industry has chosen to use a capital
K in most cases.

Definition Examples:

56Kbps
56 X 1000 bits per second = 56,000 ones and zero's

128Kbps
128 X 1000 bits per second = 128,000 ones or zero's

460Kbps
460 X 1,000 bits per second = 460,000 ones or zero's

1Mbps
1 X 1,000,000 bits per second = 1 million one's or zero's

10Mbps
10 X 1,000,000 bits per second = 10 million one's or zero's

Use:

It would appear that you have enough information
to start figuring out how long it takes to transfer files
but you have to remember that these speeds are in
BITS not BYTES. When we look at a file size we look
at the number of BYTES not the number of bits. Using
this information we can build the chart below.

Theoretical Maximum Speeds

Common Name	Used With	Bits per Second	Bytes per Second
28.8Kbps	Modems	28,800	3,600
56.6Kbps	Modems	56,600	7,200
128Kbps	ISDN	128,000	16,000
460Kbps	Cable Modem	460,000	57,500
1Mbps	Home PNA 1.0	1,000,000	125,000
1.6Mbps	HomeRF	1,600,000	200,000
10Mbps	Ethernet	10,000,000	1,250,000
100Mbps	Fast Ethernet	100,000,000	12,500,000

Approx. Theoretical Transfer Times:

Common Name	Used With	Time to Transfer 1 Megabyte	Time to transfer 50 Megabytes
28.8Kbps	Modems	4.5 Min	3.8 Hrs
56.6Kbps	Modems	2.3 Min	2 Hrs
128Kbps	ISDN	1 Min	50 Min
460Kbps	Some Cable Modems	17 Sec	14.5 Min
1Mbps	Home PNA 1.0, Cable Modes	8 Sec	6.5 Min
1.6Mbps	HomeRF	5 Sec	4 Min
10Mbps	Ethernet	1 Sec	40 Sec
100Mbps	Fast Ethernet	1 Sec	4 Sec

Theoretical vs Real Times:

So many factors go into real transfer times that it is very
dificult to wrap blanket numbers around them. Once you get
over ISDN speeds, network latency, protocol overhead, driver
efficiency, and all kinds of other technical things get in the
way. In general, expect transfer speeds of 40 to 80% of
the maximum speed.

Approx. Real Transfer Times:

Common Name	Used With	Time to Transfer 1 Megabyte	Time to transfer 50 Megabytes
28.8Kbps	Modems	6-12 Min	4.8-9.6 Hrs
56.6Kbps	Modems	3-6 Min	2.4-4.8 Hrs
128Kbps	ISDN	1-3 Min	1-2.1 hrs
460Kbps	Some Cable Modems	22-43 Sec	18-36 Min
1Mbps	HomePNA 1.0**, Some Cable Modes	10-20 Sec	8-16 Min
1.6Mbps	HomeRF**	6-13 Sec	5-10 Min
10Mbps	Ethernet, HomePNA 2.0**	1-2 Sec	50-100 Sec
100Mbps	Fast Ethernet	1 Sec	5-10 Sec*

*PCI Bus inefficiency can easly make
this 9-14 seconds

**Often, these systems run at 1/2 speed
because of interference

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